What condition is characterized by high blood glucose levels and can lead to DKA?

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce insulin (as seen in Type 1 Diabetes) or to properly use the insulin it produces (common in Type 2 Diabetes). When insulin levels are insufficient, the body's cells cannot effectively utilize glucose for energy, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream. This hyperglycemic state can progress to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), particularly in Type 1 Diabetes, where the body starts to break down fats for energy due to the lack of available glucose. This breakdown of fats produces acids called ketones, which can accumulate and lead to metabolic acidosis, resulting in serious medical complications.

The other conditions listed do not directly result in the characteristic high blood glucose levels associated with DKA. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels and is the opposite of the condition discussed. Thyroid disorders can affect metabolism but are not characterized primarily by high blood glucose. Chronic Kidney Disease may lead to various metabolic derangements but does not inherently result in the hyperglycemia or DKA associated with Diabetes Mellitus.