What does an elevated creatinine level typically indicate?

An elevated creatinine level is primarily used as a marker for kidney function. When kidneys are not functioning properly, they may not filter creatinine—a waste product of muscle metabolism—effectively from the bloodstream, leading to an accumulation of creatinine in the blood. Therefore, higher levels of creatinine typically indicate impaired kidney function, which can arise from various conditions including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, or conditions that affect blood flow to the kidneys.

In contrast, increased hydration status tends to dilute blood components, which would likely lead to a decrease in creatinine levels rather than an increase. While certain cardiac events can affect kidney perfusion and function, an elevated creatinine level is not a direct indicator of an acute cardiac event. Similarly, while infections can have systemic effects, an elevated creatinine level alone is not a reliable indicator of infection.