When transporting a patient who begins to vomit blood, what is the first appropriate step?

When a patient begins to vomit blood, the priority is to ensure a clear and patent airway. This is crucial because the presence of blood can obstruct the airway, leading to potential respiratory distress or aspiration, where vomit enters the lungs. Checking the airway involves not only visual assessment but also suctioning if necessary to remove any blood or vomitus that may impede breathing. By securing the airway first, the healthcare provider minimizes the risk of complications such as asphyxia or airway obstruction.

Other steps, such as checking vital signs or notifying the receiving hospital, are important but should come after addressing the immediate concern of the airway. Administering IV fluids, while possibly necessary later on depending on the patient's overall condition or blood loss, does not address the immediate risk associated with vomiting blood. In emergency care, ensuring that the patient can breathe properly and maintain adequate oxygenation is the foremost priority.