Which condition is characterized by excessive sweating and abnormal heart rhythms?

The condition characterized by excessive sweating and abnormal heart rhythms is hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis is a condition where the body produces more sweat than is necessary for regulating body temperature. This excessive sweating can lead to various complications, including skin infections and emotional distress.

In some cases, excessive sweating can trigger or accompany abnormal heart rhythms, as the body’s response to stress and heat can influence heart rate and rhythm. The autonomic nervous system, which controls both sweating and heart rhythms, may react in a way that contributes to palpitations or arrhythmias.

Other options like hyperkalemia, dehydration, and hypovolemia have distinct characteristics. Hyperkalemia refers to high levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to muscle and cardiac issues but does not specifically cause excessive sweating. Dehydration involves a loss of fluids, which would typically result in less sweating, and hypovolemia denotes a low blood volume, which can affect heart rate but again does not directly relate to excessive sweating. Thus, hyperhidrosis uniquely combines the symptoms of excessive sweating and the potential for abnormal heart rhythms.